October 2015 Sketch
Phonology
| Phonemes | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive[1] | p b | t d | k g |
| pʷ bʷ | tʷ dʷ | kʷ gʷ | |
| pˡ bˡ | tˡ dˡ | kˡ gˡ | |
| Fricative | f v | s z ʃ ʒ | ç~x ɣ |
| Affricate | ts tʃ dʒ | ||
| Nasal | m mʷ | n nʷ | ɲ ɲʷ ŋ ŋʷ |
| Approximant | w ɥ | l | j ʎ ʁ |
| Graphemes | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive[1:1] | p b | t d | k g |
| pw bw | tw dw | kw gw | |
| pl bl | tl dl | kl gl | |
| Fricative | f v | s z sc zsc | h gh |
| Affricate | ts tsc dzsc | ||
| Nasal | m mw | n nw | gn gnw ng ngw |
| Approximant | w ui | l | j ll r |
| Phonemes | Front | Center | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | i ɪ y~ʉ | u | |||
| Mid | ɛ œ | ʌ o | |||
| Low | æ | ä | ɔ | ||
| Dipthongs | e͡i œ͡y ʌ͡ɪ o͡i ä͡i ä͡o ʌ͡ɔ | ||||
| Graphemes | Front | Center | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | i ï y | u | |||
| Mid | e ö | â o | |||
| Low | ä | a | å | ||
| Dipthongs | ei öü âi oi ai ao âo | ||||
Syllable Structure:
- C: Any Plosive or Nasal
- F: Any Fricative or Affricate
- R: Any Approximant
- V: Any Vowel
The Structure is: (F)(C|R)V(j|ʁ|l|w)(C)(t|s|ʃ)[2](t)[2:1].
TODO: Phoneme frequency.
Stress and Isochrony
TODO: This.
Basic Grammar and Syntax
The default word order is OSV, but parts often shift around in a non-configurational manner, with less important elements or older elements dropping toward the end of the sentence.
There are no noun classes, but animate females and endeared terms in the ergative are marked on the verb with the special prefix ‹ta-›, which is analysed as being in agreement with the non-existent female noun class.
Grammar Testing Bed
Sample Sentences
Dao gwöügnw.
dao
man[ABS]
gwöü
eat[3S.O]
-gnw
-ANTIP
dao {} gwöü -gnw
man[ABS] {} eat[3S.O] -ANTIP
The man eats.
Må egwöü daom.
må
bread[ABS]
e-
3S.ERG-
gwöü
eat
dao
man
-m
-ERG
må {} e- gwöü {} dao -m
bread[ABS] {} 3S.ERG- eat {} man -ERG
The man eats bread.
Må gwöüyn.
må
bread[ABS]
gwöü
eat
-yn
-PASS
må {} gwöü -yn
bread[ABS] {} eat -PASS
The bread is eaten.
Sentences for Testing Conlang Syntax
Tla så ngâ.
tla
sun[ABS]
så
shine
ngâ
GNO
tla {} så {} ngâ
sun[ABS] {} shine {} GNO
The sun shines. (*gnomic*)
TODO: The rest of these.